Product Documents & Files

Making Time Sensitive Networks Resilient Against Threats White Paper

Creating a GNSS Test Plan: A Start to Finish Guide

The low cost and high performance of GNSS receiver chipsets makes it easier than ever to include a GNSS receiver in products that never had them before. With the availability of multiple GNSS constellations that transmit signals on multiple frequencies, and various available technologies to improve the accuracy of GNSS, evaluating and selecting a receiver can be a significant undertaking.

How a GNSS receiver is integrated can have a major impact on product and system performance. To ensure success, a best practice is to perform testing using a GNSS simulator, which allows for repeatable testing of devices with GNSS receivers in simulated environments.

This white paper defines the key performance tests for the receiver, outlines test development considerations, and includes an Example Test Plan.

Why Accurate Time is Essential for Video Surveillance and Security Programs

MiFID II Clock Sync Requirements Checklist

In January 2018, MiFID II RTS 25 compliance began, including five requirements for timing synchronization. Use this detailed checklist to make sure that you’re aware of the key considerations, your timing chain is ready and you're fully compliant.

Synchronized Time Improves Healthcare

Time Synchronization: Time is at the Heart of the MiFID Regulation

New regulations from MiFID II in Europe to the Consolidated Audit Trail in the US mandate that reportable events must be timestamped to much more accurate levels than ever before and that regulated organizations must have a clear understanding of time for all information they are required to report. Europe’s MiFID II, in particular — which came into force on January 3, 2018 — is far more prescriptive with regards to timestamping, as defined by the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) within RTS 25.

Time for Data Centers to Consider Time as a Service

Leap Second Readiness Tips

Tech Brief Resiliency in PNT: Cybersecurity

An Engineer’s Guide to CRPA Testing

CRPAs (Controlled Reception Pattern Antennas) are becoming increasingly common, particularly in the Defense sector. CRPAs are an extremely effective anti-jam/spoof solution, because they adapt dynamically in response to jamming or spoofing signals. It is important to know the direction from which the interference is coming, so that you do not receive that RF power into your GPS receiver. This is done by forming nulls in the direction of the interference, or by using beam forming techniques to isolate and track only the true satellite signals, ignoring theothers.

This guide discusses the applications and use cases for CRPAs, how they work and the methods for testing them. It also explores the various types of testing solutions available in the marketplace today, and helps you choose the right solution for your specific application.

The Traceability of Time Synchronization: Why Internet Time Isn’t Good Enough

The traceability of time synchronization: This document briefly discusses the differences between a time source from within the network compared to outside the network with considerations for traceability for a network deployment of network time protocol (NTP).

A Master Clock Approach to Distributing Precision Time and Frequency

The Importance of Testing to Detect GNSS Vulnerabilities in Intelligent Transportation Systems

For more than a decade, GPS has been at the core of the navigation systems used in all types of road vehicles, train systems and marine transport vehicles. As industry moves from standalone navigation systems to the advanced multi-sensor systems used in intelligent transportation systems (ITS), GPS signals remain a key component of these systems.

The development of autonomous vehicles for road, rail and water demands a comprehensive and repeatable test plan for GNSS. This white paper discusses and outlines testing methods for GNSS performance and vulnerabilities.

Resilient PNT Solutions for Telemetry During GNSS Outage Test Scenarios

GNSS (Global Navigation Satellite System) is key to effective situational awareness, providing critical Positioning, Navigation and Timing (PNT) telemetry data for mobile military operations. Yet GPS/GNSS jamming and spoofing attacks are on the rise.

The disruption of GNSS for increasing periods of time through jamming/ spoofing must now be an essential test component in most test scenarios today. How can you still provide reliable Time-Space Position Information (TSPI) during periods of GNSS denial?

This white paper identifies technologies, best practices and strategies for GNSS jamming/spoofing detection and protection systems, and testing protocols to maintain a state of PNT readiness.

What Time is it? It’s a Matter of Trust

Why Time Synchronization Is Critical for Improving Public Safety Answering Points (PSAPs)

Mitigating an NTP Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack

SmarTiming+ GPS/GNSS Disciplining Technology Whitepaper (Chinese)

What is a GPS Simulator?

Beyond GPS: A Multilayered Approach to Addressing PNT Vulnerabilities

The Global Positioning System is fundamental to the strength of American fighting forces. But GPS is vulnerable. One European Union study detected nearly 500,000 interference events in 23 countries from 2016 to 2019.

This white paper discusses options for deploying a range of interlocking and overlapping solutions. In this multilayered vision, existing and emerging technologies can be used to minimize threats.

The Importance of Low Phase Noise in Military Mobile Applications

Practical Guide to GADSS Autonomous Distress Tracking Implementation

The Autonomous Distress Tracking (ADT) mandate is part of the Global Aeronautical Distress and Safety System (GADSS) initiative launched by ICAO after several accidents where downed aircraft could not be located at all, or only after long and expensive search efforts.

While most airlines have already complied with the normal tracking mandate due by the end of 2018, the ADT requirement for January 2023 is approaching fast. It is designed to improve the location of aircraft in the critical phase, when the aircraft is in distress, anywhere in the world.

Ligado and GPS Interference: What You Need to Know Now

Recent news about the FCC granting Ligado Networks new licenses to broadcast in the band adjacent to GPS has raised concern among many in the GPS community about the possibility of interference. Will GPS operations near Ligado ground transmitters be interrupted?

At Orolia, we support the position of the DOT, DHS and DOD and the measures they are taking to protect the GNSS band. However, interference is a fact of life in this band. GNSS signals are very weak, so additional measures must be taken for resiliency, especially for critical infrastructure.

Adversarial interference can be much worse than this, so a range of solutions are possible: From the simple – for example, a horizon blocking antenna that shields energy from a nearby tower – to full multi-layer defenses that include RF filtering, advanced DSP filtering/detection, alternative PNT from STL signals, atomic clock and IMU backup, and CRPA antennas. No one solution covers every case, but the problem can be managed.

Tech Brief Resiliency in PNT: GPS/GNSS Jamming and Spoofing

A Holistic Approach to Trusted, Resilient PNT

Cost-effective Synchronization for Digital Broadcast

SmarTiming+ GPS/GNSS Discipining Technology Whitepaper

The Advent of Tightly Synchronized Clocks in Distributed Systems

The last decade has brought a paradigm shift in computing systems from single processor devices — whose performance plateaued — to distributed computing systems. In distributed systems, nodes execute concurrently with limited information about what the other nodes are executing at the moment. A key component of distributed coordination is the enforcement of consistent views at all nodes for the ordering of significant events. To this end, events are "timestamped" with logical counters or — increasingly lately — with tightly-synchronized physical time.

About the Author:

Murat Demirbas is a Professor of Computer Science & Engineering at University at Buffalo, SUNY. Murat received his Ph.D. from The Ohio State University in 2004 and did a postdoc at the Theory of Distributed Systems Group at MIT in 2005. His research interests are in distributed and networked systems and cloud computing. Murat received an NSF CAREER award in 2008, UB Exceptional Scholars Young Investigator Award in 2010, UB School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Senior Researcher of the Year Award in 2016. He maintains a popular blog on distributed systems at http://muratbuffalo.blogspot.com.

Protecting the U.S. Military From GPS Jamming and Spoofing White Paper

Resilient PNT: How to Detect, Protect and Prevent Disruption of GPS/GNSS/PNT Signals and Sources

For the last two decades, reliance upon GPS/GNSS for positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) by civilian applications has been an overwhelming success, providing increasingly accurate and reliable PNT information everywhere for free. However, in recent years, malicious threats have emerged that exposed the Achilles heel of GPS/GNSS: Its weak power and unencrypted signal format leave it vulnerable to jamming and spoofing. The loss of PNT information can result in rare but catastrophic events, crippling critical infrastructure that is necessary for our survival.

Fortunately, there are many alternative technologies available to augment GPS and provide accurate and reliable PNT information even under extremely adverse conditions. These include:

• Low Earth Orbit (LEO) PNT satellite signals – operating close to the Earth, with signal strengths ~1000x stronger than GPS, to overcome jamming. And, encrypted to prevent spoofing.
• Miniaturized, affordable atomic clocks to provide precise time internally – which is the foundation of every positioning system – without connection to, or reliance on, outside sources which could corrupt the precision.
• Fiber optic network time distribution via secure, high accuracy protocols.

In this white paper, we will discuss these alternative technologies and offer recommendations for procedures and processes to manage and avoid the risks of cyberattacks, applying the best practices known today. We will focus on Resilient PNT and describe the strategies, technologies and procedures to avoid these cybersecurity risks and ensure the continuity of any critical operation.

Simplifying the Path Alignment of Microwave Communication Systems

Wherever microwave links exist, the path between antennas has always required accurate antenna alignment. This process requires highly trained tower crews to physically align the antennas as well as ground technicians and sophisticated, expensive, and complex test equipment to monitor the results. The process of optimizing the transmission path of microwave communication systems is about to undergo a significant development in process, simplification and cost benefit without compromising performance or accuracy. The process can now be accomplished with the use of the Pendulum (formerly XL Microwave) Path Align-R Microwave Antenna Path Alignment Test Sets. Tower installation crews can now perform the entire alignment process themselves, up the tower, at the antenna, without the need of additional ground technicians, equipment, or indeed, even the waveguides or radios installed.

By Fernando Torrelio, is President and Chief Engineer of Aurora Genesis Communications Inc., a microwave, cellular, PCS, & LMDS engineering, maintenance, installation, and testing company supporting the technical requirements of the wireless communications industry. 

SecureSync Visio Shapes

9300 Series NetClock and Related Time Sync Products Visio Shapes

Broadcast Network Sync Visio Shapes

NetClock 9300 Series Rear Panel Visio Shapes

NetClock 9483 and Accessories Visio Shapes

Kannad recommendations following Cobham SB 02/2011 and EASA AD 2011-0103: SL S18XXXXX-25-02

SB S1840502-25-01 Rev02 Kit Mounting bracket Compact - Strap Replacement

iSource+ Low Cost LPFRS Performance

Vehicle Modeling with GPS Simulation Testing

Check of hook and loop fasteners for mounting mechanisms: S1800000-25-00

RoHS Compliance

GPS Receiver Mobile Mode Operation

SB S1820511-25-01 Rev01 Mounting Bracket AS - Strap Replacement

Epsilon Clock Issue: 2019 GPS Rollover Event

Path Align-R Field Verification Check

LPFRS Phase Plot

Kannad ELT Product Safety Information

In-Field Coax Connector Test Using the Path Align-R

LPFRS Warm-Up Plot