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Type	Title	Date
White Papers: The Importance of Testing to Detect GNSS Vulnerabilities in Intelligent Transportation Systems	The Importance of Testing to Detect GNSS Vulnerabilities in Intelligent Transportation Systems For more than a decade, GPS has been at the core of the navigation systems used in all types of road vehicles, train systems and marine transport vehicles. As industry moves from standalone navigation systems to the advanced multi-sensor systems used in intelligent transportation systems (ITS), GPS signals remain a key component of these systems. The development of autonomous vehicles for road, rail and water demands a comprehensive and repeatable test plan for GNSS. This white paper discusses and outlines testing methods for GNSS performance and vulnerabilities.	White Paper Friday, October 26, 2018
White Papers: The Traceability of Time Synchronization: Why Internet Time Isn’t Good Enough	The Traceability of Time Synchronization: Why Internet Time Isn’t Good Enough The traceability of time synchronization: This document briefly discusses the differences between a time source from within the network compared to outside the network with considerations for traceability for a network deployment of network time protocol (NTP).	pdf - 387 KB Wednesday, March 6, 2019
White Papers: Mitigating an NTP Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack	Mitigating an NTP Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack Network time service is not something many businesses think about as a key component of their critical infrastructures. In fact, it is often overlooked entirely, and in error. As a result, the network architect or engineer often defaults to an easy alternative: using a server or network switch as the source of the network clock and synchronizing these sources to Internet time servers using Network Time Protocol (NTP). This white paper discusses the risks of, and alternative solutions to, "NTP Over the Internet."	Mitigating an NTP Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) Attack Wednesday, August 29, 2018
White Papers: SmarTiming+ GPS/GNSS Disciplining Technology Whitepaper (Chinese)	SmarTiming+ GPS/GNSS Disciplining Technology Whitepaper (Chinese)	pdf - 635 KB
White Papers: White Paper - Making Military PNT Systems Resilient Against Threats: Recent Advances	White Paper - Making Military PNT Systems Resilient Against Threats: Recent Advances This white paper discusses alternative signals that are suitable for low size, weight, and power (SWAP) assured PNT devices.	RPNT White Paper Friday, October 20, 2017
White Papers: Tech Brief Resiliency in PNT: Cybersecurity	Tech Brief Resiliency in PNT: Cybersecurity This Orolia Tech Brief explores the basic steps for maintaining security using a network-connected time server and looks at different ways to achieve resiliency in PNT. As an example, we will start with our SecureSync® Time Server product line to demonstrate how to maintain security with this network-connected device.	pdf - 351 KB Friday, February 22, 2019
White Papers: A Holistic Approach to Trusted, Resilient PNT	A Holistic Approach to Trusted, Resilient PNT Positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) services are indispensable, and providing trusted, resilient PNT solutions requires us to look beyond individual systems and methodologies to focus upon the user. An architecture that can meet this demand must include multiple systems with diverse technologies so that any single threat or source of disruption can be mitigated. This document discusses how signaling technologies such as GNSS, eLoran and STL are the complementary components of this architecture.	pdf - 583 KB Wednesday, May 9, 2018
White Papers: SmarTiming+ GPS/GNSS Discipining Technology Whitepaper	SmarTiming+ GPS/GNSS Discipining Technology Whitepaper Patented Smart SRO Rubidium SynClock+ with Industry'S First SmarTiming+ Technology Inside	pdf - 857 KB Friday, September 7, 2012
White Papers: The Advent of Tightly Synchronized Clocks in Distributed Systems	The Advent of Tightly Synchronized Clocks in Distributed Systems The last decade has brought a paradigm shift in computing systems from single processor devices — whose performance plateaued — to distributed computing systems. In distributed systems, nodes execute concurrently with limited information about what the other nodes are executing at the moment. A key component of distributed coordination is the enforcement of consistent views at all nodes for the ordering of significant events. To this end, events are "timestamped" with logical counters or — increasingly lately — with tightly-synchronized physical time.	White Paper Friday, May 11, 2018
White Papers: Accurate Time is Essential for Video Surveillance Applications	Accurate Time is Essential for Video Surveillance Applications As video surveillance hardware becomes IP-based, systems are able to take advantage of the network to improve efficiency and performance. Time synchronization, in which all the clocks in cameras, recording equipment, and computers have the same time, is simple to implement on the network. It utilizes a standard protocol and a network appliance known as a time server. What’s more, the time server can be legally traceable to a time authority. The result is low-cost investment protection for the video system deployment.	pdf - 229 KB Thursday, May 19, 2011
White Papers: Making Time Sensitive Networks Resilient Against Threats White Paper	Making Time Sensitive Networks Resilient Against Threats White Paper Today's time sensitive networks rely on available and accurate positioning, navigation and timing (PNT) signals to provide leaders with the information required to make timely and effective decisions. The proliferation of GNSS-degrading and denying devices across state and non-state actors put this critical information capability in jeopardy. Learn how a combination of alternative PNT signals with traditional GNSS references makes PNT applications resilient against jamming and spoofing.	White Paper Friday, May 11, 2018
White Papers: Cost-effective Synchronization for Digital Broadcast	Cost-effective Synchronization for Digital Broadcast In Europe, Middle East, Africa and Southeast Asia, broadcasters are looking to the DVB-T2 standard to upgrade from analog transmission, their current DVB-T implementation, or as a supplemental network. Similarly, in South America, ISDB-T is being implemented. These and other standards rely more and more on single frequency networks (SFN) to efficiently utilize wireless frequency spectrum. SFNs require synchronization so for each instant of time, every transmission station is broadcasting the same digital data at the same exact frequency.	pdf - 739 KB Thursday, July 26, 2012
White Papers: The Importance of Low Phase Noise in Military Mobile Applications	The Importance of Low Phase Noise in Military Mobile Applications Military communications and intelligence-collection functions, traditionally associated with fixed sites and large platforms, are being pushed to tactical vehicles and sophisticated Unmanned Autonomous Vehicles (UAVs). This results in more C5ISR systems being installed on mobile platforms. Whether in the air, on land, or at sea, these vehicles will impart shocks and vibrations to their electronics, sometimes severely. In high vibration environments, the system designer must account for induced phase noise which can drastically affect overall performance. This white paper discusses the challenges of keeping low noise signals pure in any environment.	pdf - 903 KB Wednesday, August 22, 2018
White Papers: Simplifying the Path Alignment of Microwave Communication Systems	Simplifying the Path Alignment of Microwave Communication Systems Wherever microwave links exist, the path between antennas has always required accurate antenna alignment. This process requires highly trained tower crews to physically align the antennas as well as ground technicians and sophisticated, expensive, and complex test equipment to monitor the results. The process of optimizing the transmission path of microwave communication systems is about to undergo a significant development in process, simplification and cost benefit without compromising performance or accuracy. The process can now be accomplished with the use of the Pendulum (formerly XL Microwave) Path Align-R Microwave Antenna Path Alignment Test Sets. Tower installation crews can now perform the entire alignment process themselves, up the tower, at the antenna, without the need of additional ground technicians, equipment, or indeed, even the waveguides or radios installed. By Fernando Torrelio, is President and Chief Engineer of Aurora Genesis Communications Inc., a microwave, cellular, PCS, & LMDS engineering, maintenance, installation, and testing company supporting the technical requirements of the wireless communications industry.	pdf - 132 KB Thursday, May 3, 2012
White Papers: MiFID II Clock Sync Requirements Checklist	MiFID II Clock Sync Requirements Checklist In January 2018, MiFID II RTS 25 compliance began, including five requirements for timing synchronization. Use this detailed checklist to make sure that you’re aware of the key considerations, your timing chain is ready and you're fully compliant.	MiFID II Checklist Friday, January 19, 2018
White Papers: Practical Guide to GADSS Autonomous Distress Tracking Implementation	Practical Guide to GADSS Autonomous Distress Tracking Implementation The Autonomous Distress Tracking (ADT) mandate is part of the Global Aeronautical Distress and Safety System (GADSS) initiative launched by ICAO after several accidents where downed aircraft could not be located at all, or only after long and expensive search efforts. While most airlines have already complied with the normal tracking mandate due by the end of 2018, the ADT requirement for January 2021 is approaching fast. It is designed to improve the location of aircraft in the critical phase, when the aircraft is in distress, anywhere in the world.	GADSS White Paper Monday, December 3, 2018
White Papers: Synchronized Time Improves Healthcare	Synchronized Time Improves Healthcare As the healthcare industry embraces technology to improve patient care and reduce costs, integrating disparate systems is critical for maximizing performance. Something as simple as a common basis for time-keeping can make a difference in records accuracy, device and system interoperability, security, regulatory compliance, and overall efficiency of operations. As technology implementations are network centric, time-keeping in software and hardware can be easily synchronized to the official worldwide time standard.	pdf - 664 KB Wednesday, September 30, 2015
White Papers: Time Synchronization: Time is at the Heart of the MiFID Regulation	Time Synchronization: Time is at the Heart of the MiFID Regulation New regulations from MiFID II in Europe to the Consolidated Audit Trail in the US mandate that reportable events must be timestamped to much more accurate levels than ever before and that regulated organizations must have a clear understanding of time for all information they are required to report. Europe’s MiFID II, in particular — which came into force on January 3, 2018 — is far more prescriptive with regards to timestamping, as defined by the European Securities and Markets Authority (ESMA) within RTS 25.	White Paper Wednesday, January 24, 2018
White Papers: Time for Data Centers to Consider Time as a Service	Time for Data Centers to Consider Time as a Service If you are in the data center business, you’re faced with a long list of customer demands as businesses and entire industries move operations to the cloud. But you’re also facing an increasingly competitive landscape where offering the best service and greatest value is paramount. Balancing what you can offer customers and at what cost can be complicated, to say the least. An often overlooked service offering, one which provides a large value to customers at a low cost to providers, is Time as a Service (TaaS).	pdf - 472 KB Tuesday, April 21, 2015
White Papers: A Master Clock Approach to Distributing Precision Time and Frequency	A Master Clock Approach to Distributing Precision Time and Frequency Traditional time and frequency distribution is defined by splitting and amplifying a signal to as many devices as needed. The distribution amplifier became a mainstay in precision time and frequency systems. Today there is greater access to precision timing considering more clocks in space transmitting global navigation signals and more network connectivity able to maintain higher levels of timing accuracy. A new generation of master clocks is capable of leveraging these trends while offering flexibility to generate the signal types and quantities wherever needed. Distribution amplifiers can still be an important “brick” in the system to meet needs for redundancy, reliability and cost-efficiency. This white paper describes the issue of providing precise time and frequency signals of the type and quantity needed by the application using commercial-off-the-shelf devices from Spectracom.	pdf - 652 KB Friday, January 31, 2014
White Papers: Wanted: Reliable PNT for Intelligent Transportation Systems	Wanted: Reliable PNT for Intelligent Transportation Systems A key feature of the concept of the connected car is accurate Positioning, Navigation and Timing technology. These must be more reliable and accurate than ever before, and they must co-exist with a multitude of other types of sensors and the computational loads associated with them. This white paper explores the trends relative to the big-picutre of intelligent transportation systems.	pdf - 3 MB Friday, November 4, 2016
White Papers: What Time is it? It’s a Matter of Trust	What Time is it? It’s a Matter of Trust Those in the business of measuring time are familiar with the saying, “If you have one clock, you know what time it is. If you have two, well…”. Time synchronization is the ability for all clocks to have the same time. But what time is it? If your time synchronization deployment uses time from the internet, your organization may be at risk. Official time provided by a GPS-based network appliance is a time source that you can trust.	pdf - 399 KB Friday, September 5, 2014
White Papers: What is a GPS Simulator?	What is a GPS Simulator? As GPS receivers are built into more mission-critical devices for difficult application environments, and designed with the emerging capabilities of a multitude of GNSS constellations and augmentation systems, developers and manufacturers need better ways to guarantee performance. That’s where a GPS simulator comes in.	pdf - 99 KB Monday, December 31, 2018
White Papers: Leap Second Readiness Tips	Leap Second Readiness Tips If you manage a time-sensitive network, you'll want to consider how a leap second event will effect your applications. We offer these tips to help you be prepared.	pdf - 224 KB Monday, December 31, 2018
Visio: NetClock 9300 Series Rear Panel Visio Shapes	NetClock 9300 Series Rear Panel Visio Shapes Visio shape line drawings of 9383, 9389, 9388 rear panels.	vss - 631 KB Friday, August 3, 2012
Visio: NetClock 9483 and Accessories Visio Shapes	NetClock 9483 and Accessories Visio Shapes Visio shapes for NetClock 9483 popular configurations - front and rear panels - with typical add-on products.	VSS - 570 KB Monday, October 21, 2013
Visio: SecureSync Visio Shapes	SecureSync Visio Shapes A couple of Visio shapes for the SecureSync modular time and frequency reference system.	vss - 36 KB Thursday, July 11, 2013
Visio: 9300 Series NetClock and Related Time Sync Products Visio Shapes	9300 Series NetClock and Related Time Sync Products Visio Shapes Visio shapes for NetClock model 9383, 9389, 9388 and other related time synchronization products.	vss - 2 MB Friday, August 3, 2012
Visio: Broadcast Network Sync Visio Shapes	Broadcast Network Sync Visio Shapes Vizio shapes for Spectracom synchronization and test products and other network elements typically found in a synchronized digital broadcast network.	vss - 182 KB Friday, August 3, 2012
Technical Notes and Briefs: RoHS Compliance	RoHS Compliance	pdf - 148 KB Wednesday, December 12, 2018
Technical Notes and Briefs: GPS Lightning Surge Protection	GPS Lightning Surge Protection Facilities with connections to the outside may suffer damage due to lightning. Electronic components are extremely sensitive to high voltage from major energy sources such as lightning, which is the most common danger. It also has the characteristic of being completely unforeseeable. To protect people and equipment from lightning, it is essential to ensure that all wired connections from building exteriors include the appropriate form of protection.	pdf - 134 KB Wednesday, May 18, 2011
Technical Notes and Briefs: The Onboard Galileo Rubidium and Passive Maser - Status & Performance	The Onboard Galileo Rubidium and Passive Maser - Status & Performance Galileo program is approved by the European Commission and the European Space Agency (ESA). The activities related to GSTBV2 experimental satellite as well as the implementation of the In Orbit Validation phase are in progress. Atomic clocks represent critical equipment for the satellite navigation system and clocks development has been continuously supported by ESA.	pdf - 571 KB
Technical Notes and Briefs: NTP Server Capacity Testing	NTP Server Capacity Testing Large-scale NTP deployments require consideration for the network’s time synchronization architecture. Network time deployments are usually driven by considerations for reliability, scalability, manageability and security. The capability of modern NTP servers, such as Spectracom SecureSync® and NetClock® time servers, is such that capacity does not impact the design of the synchronization architecture.	pdf - 202 KB Wednesday, February 13, 2019
Technical Notes and Briefs: Programming Interfaces for Automation and Remote Control for GSG Series Simulators	Programming Interfaces for Automation and Remote Control for GSG Series Simulators One of the benefits of Orolia GSG Series GPS/GNSS simulators is that it does not require any external controller and can operate for 31 days continuously (longer if the unit is connected to the internet). However, there are many situations where remote control from an external program is helpful and required when integrating GPS signals with other test parameters. GSG simulators can be connected to a PC using Ethernet, GPIB or USB. A SCPI command set allows for remote control and integration into test systems.	pdf - 137 KB Monday, December 31, 2018
Technical Notes and Briefs: Differences Between NTP and SNTP	Differences Between NTP and SNTP NTP (Network Time Protocol) and SNTP (Simple Network Time Protocol) are very similar TCP/IP protocols in that they use the same time packet from a Time Server message to compute accurate time. The procedure used by the Time Server to assemble and send out a time stamp is exactly the same whether NTP (i.e. full implementation NTP) is being used, or if SNTP is being used.	pdf - 64 KB Wednesday, February 13, 2019
Technical Notes and Briefs: GPS Radiation Considerations	GPS Radiation Considerations When using a Spectracom GSG series GPS/GNSS signal generator with an optional antenna, one must consider regulations controlling the radiation of GPS-like signals into the air. This document describes the analysis for limiting these signals according to United States requirements.	pdf - 205 KB Thursday, May 3, 2012
Technical Notes and Briefs: Space Cesium & Maser Clock Ensemble	Space Cesium & Maser Clock Ensemble Space Passive Hydrogen Maser - Performance, Lifetime Data And GIOVE-B Related Telemetries.	pdf - 285 KB
Technical Notes and Briefs: GPS Week Rollover Issues - Public Safety Products	GPS Week Rollover Issues - Public Safety Products	PDF - 124 KB Monday, December 31, 2018
Technical Notes and Briefs: Epsilon Clock Issue: 2019 GPS Rollover Event	Epsilon Clock Issue: 2019 GPS Rollover Event In the process of testing the 2019 rollover event, the Orolia Engineering department has determined that this year’s event will potentially affect a limited volume of equipments embedding a Trimble Lassen IQ receiver, despite a Rollover week event compliant notice from the vendor. As a result, the time code may be affected but the GPS will remain locked. The following products have been identified: EC20S, EC22S.	Support Bulletin Wednesday, March 13, 2019
Technical Notes and Briefs: NTP over Anycast	NTP over Anycast Spectracom NTP services, implemented in its SecureSync and NetClock 9400 platforms, are compatible with an Anycast routing scheme. The NTP over Anycast feature is a combination of the time server’s ability to associate one of its network ports to an Anycast IP address and to remove itself as an available time source if there is a problem with its reference.	pdf - 170 KB Thursday, September 25, 2014

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